What is the Origin of Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis?

The term combines the anatomical site, hepatic (liver), with the Latin phrase de novo (from the beginning) and lipogenesis (fat creation). This biochemical pathway is a fundamental component of energy storage and substrate utilization in all mammals. Its dysregulation in the context of overnutrition and insulin resistance has made it a central focus in metabolic endocrinology.

What is the Mechanism of Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis?

The pathway is primarily driven by the transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the enzymatic action of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS). Insulin and glucose signaling promote the activation of SREBP-1c, thereby increasing the expression of these lipogenic enzymes. The resulting triglycerides are then packaged into Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs) for secretion into the circulation.

Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis ∞ Area

Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis

Meaning

Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the endogenous metabolic process occurring predominantly in the liver where non-lipid precursors, chiefly excess carbohydrates like glucose and fructose, are converted into fatty acids and subsequently triglycerides. Clinically, an upregulation of DNL is a significant contributor to hepatic steatosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and systemic dyslipidemia. This pathway is hormonally sensitive, often being exacerbated by hyperinsulinemia.