What is the Origin of Gut Microbiota and Estrogen?

This term is a recent development in the field of endocrinology and gastroenterology, emerging from research that identified the enterohepatic circulation of estrogen. The concept solidified with the realization that the gut microbiome, or microbiota, actively participates in modulating the body's total estrogen load. It highlights a previously underappreciated link between digestive health and systemic hormonal regulation.

What is the Mechanism of Gut Microbiota and Estrogen?

Estrogen is metabolized in the liver and conjugated (bound) to make it water-soluble for excretion via bile into the gut. Certain gut bacteria produce beta-glucuronidase, which cleaves the bond, effectively deconjugating the estrogen and allowing it to be reabsorbed across the intestinal wall back into the bloodstream. An imbalanced microbiota can lead to excessive deconjugation, increasing circulating estrogen levels and contributing to estrogen relative excess.

Gut Microbiota and Estrogen ∞ Area

Gut Microbiota and Estrogen

Meaning

Gut Microbiota and Estrogen describes the reciprocal and regulatory relationship between the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the metabolism and circulation of estrogen hormones. This interaction is mediated by the “estrobolome,” a subset of gut bacteria that produce the enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which deconjugates estrogen metabolites, thereby allowing them to be reabsorbed into circulation. A healthy gut environment is thus crucial for proper estrogen detoxification and balance.