Question 1

What is the Meaning of Gut Microbiome Estrobolome?

Accepted Answer

The Gut Microbiome Estrobolome refers to the specific collection of gut bacteria and their genes that are capable of metabolizing and modulating the circulation of estrogens within the body. This unique subset of the microbiome produces the enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which deconjugates estrogens that were tagged for excretion by the liver. The activity of the estrobolome directly influences the reabsorption of estrogens back into the bloodstream, thus impacting the total circulating and biologically active estrogen load. A dysregulated estrobolome can contribute to conditions associated with estrogen excess or deficiency, underscoring its critical role in hormonal homeostasis.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Gut Microbiome Estrobolome?

Accepted Answer

This term is a recent coinage, blending the established concept of the "Gut Microbiome" with "Estrobolome," a portmanteau derived from estrogen and microbiome. Its conceptual origin lies in the discovery of the enterohepatic circulation of hormones, particularly estrogens, and the subsequent identification of the microbial enzymes responsible for this recirculation. It represents a major paradigm shift, formally linking the intestinal ecosystem to systemic endocrine health and pathology. This intersection of microbiology and endocrinology is key to understanding hormone metabolism.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Gut Microbiome Estrobolome?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism centers on the bacterial enzyme beta-glucuronidase, which reverses the process of hepatic glucuronidation, a key detoxification pathway. When the liver conjugates estrogens with a glucuronide tag, they are rendered inactive and destined for fecal excretion via bile. Bacteria in the estrobolome cleave this tag, effectively reactivating the estrogen molecule and allowing it to be reabsorbed across the intestinal wall back into the systemic circulation. High estrobolome activity can lead to elevated circulating estrogen levels, while low activity may lead to excessive excretion, thereby disrupting the delicate hormonal balance.

Gut Microbiome Estrobolome

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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