What is the Origin of Gut Microbiome and Hormones?

This is a relatively modern concept within endocrinology and gastroenterology, evolving from the initial study of the gut microbiota to the recognition of its systemic influence. The link is foundational to the emerging field of the "microbiota-gut-brain-endocrine axis."

What is the Mechanism of Gut Microbiome and Hormones?

Gut bacteria influence hormone activity through several distinct pathways, notably by producing enzymes that deconjugate and reactivate hormones like estrogens and thyroid hormones that have been inactivated by the liver for excretion. These deconjugated hormones can then be reabsorbed, affecting circulating levels. Furthermore, the microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that act on host cells to modulate appetite-regulating hormones, such as GLP-1 and PYY, thus directly impacting metabolic homeostasis.

Gut Microbiome and Hormones

Meaning

The complex, bidirectional interaction between the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract (the gut microbiome) and the body’s endocrine system. This relationship involves microbial metabolism influencing hormone levels, hormone signaling affecting microbial composition, and the production of microbial metabolites that act as signaling molecules. This crosstalk is increasingly recognized as a vital determinant of metabolic, reproductive, and psychological health.