What is the Origin of Gut-Immune Axis?

The concept emerged from immunological and gastroenterological research recognizing that the majority of the body's immune cells reside in the gut. The 'axis' terminology highlights the reciprocal signaling and regulatory pathways that link these two critical systems.

What is the Mechanism of Gut-Immune Axis?

The gut microbiota constantly educates the immune system by presenting various antigens and producing immunomodulatory metabolites. A healthy epithelial barrier prevents the translocation of microbial products into the underlying immune tissue, while specialized immune cells in the GALT, such as dendritic cells, sample the gut lumen to maintain immune tolerance. Disruption of the barrier integrity, often termed "leaky gut," can lead to chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation as the immune system reacts to translocated microbial components.

Gut-Immune Axis

Meaning

The dynamic, interconnected network of communication and interaction between the intestinal microbiota, the epithelial lining of the gut, and the vast immune system components located in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). This axis is fundamentally responsible for distinguishing between beneficial nutrients and commensal bacteria versus harmful pathogens, thereby regulating systemic immune responses. A balanced interaction is essential for preventing both chronic inflammation and immune deficiency.