Gut hormones are a diverse group of endocrine signaling molecules secreted by specialized enteroendocrine cells dispersed throughout the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrient ingestion. These peptides act as key mediators in the gut-brain axis, regulating critical physiological functions such as appetite, satiety, digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall energy balance. Important examples of these potent signaling molecules include Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, and cholecystokinin (CCK).
Origin
The recognition of chemical messengers originating from the gut dates back to the early 20th century with the discovery of secretin, the first hormone ever identified. The field rapidly expanded with advanced biochemical techniques, leading to the isolation and sequencing of numerous distinct peptide hormones. This body of work established the gastrointestinal tract as the largest endocrine organ in the body, with profound systemic influence.
Mechanism
Upon the presence of specific macronutrients in the gut lumen, enteroendocrine cells release their stored peptide hormones into the portal and systemic circulation. These hormones then act on distant target organs, including the pancreas to modulate insulin and glucagon secretion, the brain to regulate hunger signals, and the liver to control glucose metabolism. This intricate paracrine and endocrine communication system ensures efficient nutrient processing and energy homeostasis across the organism.
Non-competitive wellness supports hormonal balance and sustainable weight loss by intelligently collaborating with the body's intrinsic regulatory systems.
Dietary choices, especially protein and carbohydrates, directly regulate gut hormones and insulin, shaping the absorption and signaling environment for therapeutic peptides.
Medical weight loss medications offer sustained weight reduction and cardiometabolic benefits, requiring ongoing monitoring for long-term systemic adaptations.
Gut dysbiosis can diminish hormone receptor sensitivity by fostering inflammation, altering hormone metabolism, and impacting cellular signaling pathways.
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