What is the Origin of Gut Endocrine System?

The study of this system began with the discovery of secretin in the early 1900s, the first hormone ever identified, and has rapidly expanded with the identification of numerous gut peptides. It is a major focus in endocrinology and gastroenterology, bridging the understanding of nutrient sensing with systemic hormonal regulation. This system's function is highly influenced by the gut microbiota and diet.

What is the Mechanism of Gut Endocrine System?

Enteroendocrine cells release peptide hormones, such as GLP-1, ghrelin, PYY, and CCK, directly into the circulation or interstitial fluid in response to the presence of food metabolites. These hormones travel to target organs, including the pancreas, liver, and brain (specifically the hypothalamus), where they exert effects on glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, and the neural circuits controlling hunger and fullness. This rapid, coordinated response ensures efficient nutrient assimilation and metabolic control.

Gut Endocrine System ∞ Area

Gut Endocrine System

Meaning

A complex network of specialized enteroendocrine cells scattered throughout the gastrointestinal tract that function as the largest endocrine organ in the body, secreting over 30 different hormones in response to nutrient ingestion. This system acts as a primary sensor for the body’s metabolic state, regulating appetite, satiety, digestion, insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis. It forms a crucial part of the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis.