What is the Meaning of Growth Hormone Receptors?

Growth Hormone Receptors (GHRs) are specific transmembrane proteins found on the surface of target cells throughout the body, most notably in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. These receptors are responsible for binding circulating Growth Hormone (GH), initiating a complex intracellular signaling cascade that mediates the hormone's anabolic and metabolic effects. The density and function of these receptors are critical determinants of an individual's responsiveness to endogenous or exogenous GH.

What is the Origin of Growth Hormone Receptors?

The term is a compound of 'Growth Hormone,' the peptide secreted by the anterior pituitary, and 'receptors,' from the Latin recipere (to receive). The discovery and characterization of these receptors provided the molecular basis for understanding GH action, shifting the focus from the hormone itself to the cellular machinery that interprets its signal. This knowledge is fundamental to treating growth disorders and GH deficiency.

What is the Mechanism of Growth Hormone Receptors?

Upon binding of Growth Hormone, the GHR undergoes dimerization, a process where two receptor units join together on the cell surface. This dimerization activates an associated intracellular enzyme, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which then phosphorylates various signaling proteins, including STAT transcription factors. This cascade ultimately leads to changes in gene expression, promoting the synthesis of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver and mediating local metabolic actions in other tissues.

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