Growth hormone decline, clinically termed somatopause, describes the natural, progressive reduction in the pulsatile secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland that occurs with advancing age. This reduction leads to lower circulating levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), impacting tissue maintenance, body composition, and metabolic function. The decline is a key endocrinological feature of aging and contributes to sarcopenia and changes in fat distribution.
Origin
The term is derived from the observation of decreasing levels of Growth Hormone, a peptide hormone essential for growth and cellular regeneration, correlating with chronological age. ‘Decline’ specifically refers to the reduced amplitude and frequency of the hormone’s secretory pulses, not necessarily a complete cessation. The concept is central to anti-aging and longevity research focused on the endocrine system.
Mechanism
The decline is multifactorial, involving increased hypothalamic somatostatin tone, which inhibits GH release, and decreased responsiveness of the pituitary gland to Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH). Reduced GH signaling in peripheral tissues, particularly the liver, leads to diminished production of IGF-1, which is the primary mediator of GH’s anabolic effects. This compromised axis results in slower tissue repair and reduced metabolic rate.
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