Question 1

What is the Meaning of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

The Granulosa Cell is a somatic cell within the ovarian follicle, crucial for female reproduction. These cells surround the oocyte, forming layers as the follicle matures. They support oocyte growth and differentiation, alongside vital steroid hormone production.

Question 2

What is the Context of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Granulosa cells function within the ovarian microenvironment, integral to the developing ovarian follicle. They communicate with the oocyte, theca cells, and pituitary gonadotropins. This interaction is fundamental for orchestrating the menstrual cycle and ensuring reproductive capacity.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Granulosa cell function holds substantial clinical importance for female reproductive health. Proper activity is essential for ovulation, conception, and hormonal balance. Dysfunction can contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome, anovulation, or ovarian insufficiency, impacting patient well-being and fertility.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Granulosa cells respond to FSH, leading to proliferation and aromatase expression. This enzyme converts theca cell androgens into estrogens like estradiol. They produce inhibins, activins, and growth factors regulating follicular development and providing pituitary feedback, influencing gonadotropin secretion. Gap junctions with the oocyte facilitate essential molecule transfer for oocyte maturation.

Question 5

What is the Application of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Assessment of granulosa cell activity is central to clinical practices, especially in assisted reproductive technologies. During IVF, controlled ovarian stimulation optimizes granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis for oocyte yield. Protocols administer exogenous gonadotropins to stimulate these cells, promoting healthy follicular development. Their functional status correlates with retrieved oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Granulosa cell activity is assessed through clinical metrics. Serum estradiol levels indicate their estrogenic output, reflecting follicular maturation. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), produced by granulosa cells of pre-antral and small antral follicles, serves as a reliable biomarker for ovarian reserve. Ultrasound measurements of follicular size and count provide visual evidence of granulosa cell proliferation and follicular development.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Granulosa Cell?

Accepted Answer

Dysfunctional granulosa cell activity presents specific clinical risks. Granulosa cell tumors are a rare ovarian malignancy, characterized by excessive estrogen production causing abnormal uterine bleeding. In fertility treatments, an exaggerated response can result in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), a severe complication. Impaired granulosa cell function can lead to insufficient hormone production, contributing to irregular cycles, infertility, and long-term health concerns like osteoporosis.

Granulosa Cell

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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