What is the Origin of Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

The concept emerged from the discovery of a minor component of hemoglobin that was bound to glucose, leading to the development of a standardized clinical assay in the 1970s. The term combines "glycosylated," indicating the addition of a carbohydrate group, with "hemoglobin," the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Its clinical utility is based on the lifespan of the red blood cell, providing a historical snapshot of glucose exposure.

What is the Mechanism of Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

The non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and hemoglobin is termed glycation, which occurs continuously throughout the 120-day lifespan of a red blood cell. Higher average blood glucose levels lead to a greater percentage of hemoglobin becoming glycosylated. By measuring the percentage of HbA1c, clinicians gain an objective metric of sustained hyperglycemia, which is superior to a single fasting glucose reading for predicting the risk of long-term metabolic complications.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Meaning

Glycosylated hemoglobin, commonly measured as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), is a clinical blood test that quantifies the average plasma glucose concentration over the preceding two to three months. This measurement reflects the non-enzymatic attachment of glucose molecules to the hemoglobin protein within red blood cells. It serves as a vital diagnostic and monitoring tool in endocrinology for assessing long-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes or prediabetes.

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Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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