What is the Origin of Glycan Age?

This term originated from the field of glycomics, a sub-discipline of proteomics focused on the structure and function of carbohydrates. Researchers observed that the specific branching and terminal sugars on the constant region of IgG change predictably with advancing age and health status. This finding established a new class of aging biomarkers.

What is the Mechanism of Glycan Age?

The mechanism involves the enzymatic addition and modification of sugar moieties to the IgG molecule, a process primarily occurring in B cells. As chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress increase with age, the activity of specific glycosyltransferases changes, leading to a shift toward pro-inflammatory glycan structures, such as those lacking terminal sialic acid or galactose. The resulting altered IgG molecules can then bind to Fc receptors, influencing immune cell activity and perpetuating the inflammatory cycle.

Glycan Age

Meaning

Glycan Age is a biomarker of biological age derived from analyzing the structure and composition of glycans, which are sugar chains attached to Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the bloodstream. This measurement reflects the overall inflammatory status and physiological resilience of an individual, as changes in IgG glycosylation patterns correlate strongly with chronological age, lifestyle factors, and the onset of various age-related diseases. A Glycan Age older than one’s chronological age suggests a higher degree of systemic inflammation and biological wear. It provides a molecular measure of healthspan.