What is the Origin of GLUT4 Protein?

The name is an acronym for Glucose Uptake Transporter 4, a member of the large family of glucose transporter proteins identified through molecular biology research. Its specific role as the insulin-dependent transporter was a pivotal discovery in endocrinology, clarifying the cellular basis of insulin action.

What is the Mechanism of GLUT4 Protein?

In the resting state, GLUT4 is sequestered within intracellular vesicles; upon binding of insulin to its receptor, a complex intracellular signaling cascade is initiated. This cascade leads to the rapid translocation of the GLUT4-containing vesicles to the cell membrane, where they fuse and insert the transporter proteins. This insertion significantly increases the cell's capacity for glucose uptake, a process that is also stimulated by muscle contraction independent of insulin.

GLUT4 Protein ∞ Area

GLUT4 Protein

Meaning

GLUT4 is an insulin-regulated glucose transporter protein found primarily in the cell membranes of adipocytes (fat cells) and striated muscle cells, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. Its critical function is to facilitate the rapid uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into these tissues, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. It serves as a central mechanism in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis and is a key target in the management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.