What is the Origin of GLUT4?

The term is an acronym, standing for Glucose Transporter 4, and it was identified and characterized during intensive molecular studies of glucose metabolism in the late 20th century. Its unique insulin-dependent regulation distinguished it from other glucose transporters, leading to its specific numerical designation. The discovery provided a molecular target for understanding and treating insulin resistance.

What is the Mechanism of GLUT4?

In the basal state, GLUT4 resides within intracellular vesicles in the cytoplasm of muscle and fat cells. Upon insulin binding to its cell surface receptor, a signaling cascade is activated, which triggers the translocation of these vesicles to the plasma membrane. Once fused with the membrane, GLUT4 exposes its binding site to the extracellular space, allowing rapid, facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cell. This process effectively lowers circulating blood glucose levels.

GLUT4

Meaning

GLUT4, or Glucose Transporter Type 4, is a specific protein responsible for facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into muscle and adipose (fat) cells. It is the only glucose transporter that is highly regulated by insulin, making it a critical player in systemic glucose homeostasis. The functional capacity and translocation of GLUT4 are directly linked to insulin sensitivity and the clinical manifestation of metabolic health. Impaired GLUT4 function is a hallmark of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

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