What is the Origin of Glucocorticoid Overload?

The term is a descriptive clinical phrase related to Cushing's syndrome, the classic presentation of chronic glucocorticoid excess first described in the early 20th century. Glucocorticoids are named for their primary role in regulating glucose metabolism. The concept of "overload" emphasizes the presence of hormone levels that exceed the body's normal homeostatic and regulatory capacity, leading to widespread systemic pathology.

What is the Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Overload?

Excess cortisol acts by saturating glucocorticoid receptors in tissues throughout the body, altering gene expression to favor catabolic processes. In the liver, it dramatically promotes gluconeogenesis, contributing to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Concurrently, it stimulates lipolysis and protein breakdown in the periphery, leading to the characteristic fat redistribution and the breakdown of muscle and collagen structures. This sustained hormonal toxicity drives the development of associated cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal complications.

Glucocorticoid Overload ∞ Area

Glucocorticoid Overload

Meaning

Glucocorticoid Overload is a state of chronic, pathologically excessive exposure to glucocorticoid hormones, most notably cortisol, whether the source is endogenous overproduction from the adrenal glands or prolonged therapeutic administration of synthetic steroids. This condition profoundly disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and leads to a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including central fat deposition, glucose intolerance, muscle atrophy, and hypertension. Sustained hypercortisolism imposes a significant catabolic burden on human physiology.