GLP-1 Agonists are a class of therapeutic agents designed to mimic the action of the endogenous incretin hormone, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1. These compounds are primarily utilized in managing type 2 diabetes due to their robust effects on glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. They represent a significant pharmacological tool in metabolic endocrinology.
Origin
The term is derived from the hormone they mimic, GLP-1, which is secreted from intestinal L-cells post-prandially, combined with ‘Agonist,’ meaning an activator of a receptor. This pharmacological class targets the GLP-1 receptor to elicit physiological responses.
Mechanism
These agonists bind to and activate the GLP-1 receptor, which is a G-protein coupled receptor, leading to increased insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Furthermore, they suppress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and increase satiety signals to the hypothalamus, thereby contributing to weight management. Their resistance to degradation by DPP-4 enzyme grants them a prolonged duration of action compared to native GLP-1.
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