What is the Origin of Ghrelin Surge?

Ghrelin itself was discovered in 1999 as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), and its name is based on the Proto-Indo-European root 'ghre' meaning 'to grow,' referencing its potent ability to stimulate growth hormone release. The concept of the 'surge' arises from the observation that ghrelin levels rhythmically peak just before anticipated mealtimes, a pattern that is suppressed quickly upon food intake.

What is the Mechanism of Ghrelin Surge?

Ghrelin is predominantly secreted by the enteroendocrine P/D1 cells lining the stomach when it is empty, a process thought to be regulated by the vagus nerve and the anticipation of food. This surge then travels through the bloodstream to the hypothalamus, activating the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1A (GHSR-1A) on neurons like the NPY/AgRP cells, which powerfully stimulate appetite. The post-meal decrease is mediated by the rise in glucose and insulin levels, providing a negative feedback loop to the stomach.

Ghrelin Surge

Meaning

A Ghrelin Surge is the rapid, pre-prandial increase in the circulating plasma concentration of the hormone ghrelin, which signals the central nervous system to initiate the drive to eat. Often referred to as the “hunger hormone,” this episodic rise is a key component of the short-term regulation of appetite and energy balance in humans and other mammals. The magnitude and timing of this surge are intricately linked to meal routines and overall energy status.