What is the Origin of Ghrelin Dysregulation?

Ghrelin was first isolated and named in 1999; its name is based on the Proto-Indo-European root ghre, meaning "to grow," referencing its role as a Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide. The concept of its dysregulation emerged rapidly as its critical role in the gut-brain axis and energy homeostasis was elucidated. Clinical recognition of ghrelin's erratic behavior in conditions like Prader-Willi syndrome and post-bariatric surgery cemented its importance in appetite pathology.

What is the Mechanism of Ghrelin Dysregulation?

The mechanism of ghrelin dysregulation typically involves a failure of the normal post-prandial suppression of the hormone, which is primarily secreted by the stomach. In healthy individuals, food intake provides a negative feedback signal, rapidly lowering ghrelin. When dysregulated, this suppression is incomplete or absent, leading to persistent hunger signaling to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. This sustained orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) drive undermines attempts at caloric control and perpetuates a positive energy balance.

Ghrelin Dysregulation ∞ Area

Ghrelin Dysregulation

Meaning

Ghrelin Dysregulation describes an abnormal pattern or level of the hunger-stimulating hormone ghrelin, often leading to pathological alterations in appetite control and energy balance. Normally, ghrelin levels rise before meals and fall sharply afterward, signaling hunger and satiety to the hypothalamus. Dysregulation, such as chronically elevated ghrelin, can contribute significantly to overeating, weight gain, and difficulty maintaining a healthy body composition. This hormonal imbalance is a common feature in certain metabolic disorders and following restrictive dieting.