A naturally occurring human plasma copper-binding peptide with the amino acid sequence Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine, complexed with a copper ion (Cu²⁺). This small, powerful molecule is a potent modulator of tissue remodeling and repair, demonstrating significant activity in promoting wound healing and stimulating collagen synthesis. In clinical aesthetics, it is recognized for its ability to enhance dermal regeneration and reduce signs of photo-damage.
Origin
The peptide was first isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart, who subsequently characterized its remarkable effects on aging cells and tissue repair. The name is a shorthand for its chemical components: G (Glycine), H (Histidine), K (Lysine), and Cu (Copper). Its application in clinical longevity protocols is based on decades of research demonstrating its regenerative properties.
Mechanism
The GHK-Cu complex acts as a signaling molecule that modulates the expression of numerous genes involved in tissue repair, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant defense. It functions by facilitating the uptake of copper, which is a critical cofactor for enzymes like lysyl oxidase, essential for collagen and elastin cross-linking. Furthermore, it stimulates the production of various growth factors, leading to enhanced fibroblast proliferation and the renewal of the extracellular matrix.
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