GHK-Cu Mechanisms describe the diverse, biologically active pathways through which the tripeptide Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine complexed with copper (II) ions exerts its physiological effects, primarily related to tissue remodeling and anti-aging. This copper peptide is recognized for its potent regenerative and protective properties across multiple organ systems, notably the skin and connective tissues. Understanding these actions provides a clinical basis for its use in dermatological and wound healing protocols.
Origin
GHK-Cu was originally discovered in human plasma by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s, establishing its endogenous origin as a naturally occurring complex. The name is an abbreviation of its constituent amino acids (Glycine, Histidine, Lysine) and its essential cofactor, Copper. Its study in the context of longevity medicine highlights the role of small peptides in systemic repair processes.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves its high affinity for copper, which facilitates the delivery of this essential trace element to cells, supporting copper-dependent enzyme functions crucial for collagen and elastin synthesis. GHK-Cu acts as a powerful signaling molecule, promoting the breakdown of excessive or damaged collagen and fibrin while simultaneously stimulating the synthesis of new, healthy extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, it modulates the expression of various genes involved in tissue repair, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to systemic cellular rejuvenation and protection.
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