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Germline Modifications

Meaning

Germline modifications refer to any alteration—genetic or epigenetic—introduced into the DNA or associated regulatory elements of the reproductive cells, specifically the sperm or ova. Unlike somatic modifications, which affect only the treated individual, germline changes are heritable and can be passed down to subsequent generations. In a clinical and research context, this term often pertains to intentional genome editing techniques aimed at correcting disease-causing mutations, but it also encompasses unintended, environmentally-induced changes. Ethical considerations are paramount due to the permanent and transgenerational nature of these biological alterations.