The complex, intrinsic cellular processes and molecular pathways dedicated to the continual surveillance, repair, and accurate replication of the organism’s DNA and epigenetic code. This essential function prevents the accumulation of mutations and chromosomal aberrations, which are primary drivers of cellular senescence and oncogenesis. Robust genomic stability is a foundational pillar of cellular health and longevity.
Origin
This term is central to the field of geroscience and molecular biology, directly relating to one of the nine established hallmarks of aging: genomic instability. The concept emphasizes that the integrity of the genetic blueprint must be actively and constantly maintained against internal and external stressors. Hormonal and metabolic pathways play a crucial, often overlooked, role in regulating these repair mechanisms.
Mechanism
Numerous enzymes and protein complexes, including DNA polymerases and repair proteins, are tasked with recognizing and correcting DNA damage induced by oxidative stress or metabolic byproducts. Hormones and related signaling molecules, such as those governed by the mTOR and AMPK pathways, indirectly regulate the expression and activity of these repair machinery components. Maintaining optimal cellular energy status is prerequisite for the energetically demanding process of DNA repair.
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