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Genomic Accessibility

Meaning

Genomic accessibility describes the structural state of chromatin—the complex of DNA and proteins—that determines whether a specific gene segment is physically available for transcription factors and RNA polymerase to bind and initiate gene expression. High accessibility indicates a loosely packed chromatin structure, facilitating gene activation and subsequent protein synthesis, including the production of crucial enzymes or hormone receptors. Conversely, low accessibility signifies a tightly condensed state, typically resulting in gene silencing. This dynamic state is a key determinant of an individual’s physiological capacity to respond to hormonal signals and environmental cues.