What is the Origin of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause?

The term was officially introduced by the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH) and the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) in 2014 to replace older, less comprehensive terms like Vulvovaginal Atrophy (VVA). The new nomenclature acknowledges the involvement of the urinary system and the underlying etiology of hormonal change. This change provides a more accurate and comprehensive diagnostic label.

What is the Mechanism of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause?

The primary mechanism is the profound decline in circulating estrogen levels following menopause, as estrogen receptors are highly concentrated in the tissues of the genitourinary tract. Estrogen deficiency leads to decreased blood flow, reduced collagen and elastin, thinning of the vaginal epithelium, and an elevation in vaginal pH. These changes result in tissue fragility, loss of lubrication, and an increased susceptibility to inflammation and infection.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause ∞ Area

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause

Meaning

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a clinical term describing a collection of symptoms and signs resulting from estrogen deficiency, primarily affecting the vulva, vagina, and lower urinary tract. Symptoms can include vulvovaginal atrophy, dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, and recurrent urinary tract infections or urgency. This condition is a chronic, progressive, and often distressing component of the postmenopausal experience. Timely intervention is essential for improving quality of life.