What is the Origin of Gamma-Linolenic Acid?

The term is derived from its chemical structure: "gamma" denotes the position of the double bond relative to the carboxylic acid group, and "linolenic acid" identifies it as an isomer of linolenic acid, a common dietary fatty acid. Its biological significance was established through research into essential fatty acid metabolism, where it was identified as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex bioactive lipids.

What is the Mechanism of Gamma-Linolenic Acid?

GLA is metabolized in the body by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase into Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which serves as the direct precursor for the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory Series 1 prostaglandins. Unlike the pro-inflammatory Series 2 prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid, these Series 1 eicosanoids possess regulatory properties that help balance the inflammatory response. This anti-inflammatory action is clinically relevant for conditions influenced by chronic low-grade inflammation, such as certain aspects of hormonal imbalance and skin health.

Gamma-Linolenic Acid

Meaning

Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid recognized as a crucial nutritional component and a metabolic precursor to various signaling molecules in the human body. Classified as a conditionally essential fatty acid, it is primarily obtained through dietary sources like evening primrose or borage oil. In the context of hormonal health, GLA is often explored for its role in modulating inflammatory pathways and supporting skin barrier function.