A classification of essential and non-essential dietary compounds that directly or indirectly influence the synthesis, release, or receptor activity of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These nutrients are clinically utilized to promote a state of neural inhibition, counteracting over-excitation and promoting relaxation. They are critical for maintaining the excitatory-inhibitory balance necessary for healthy neurological function.
Origin
The concept is a direct application of neurochemistry, tracing back to the identification of GABA’s inhibitory role in the brain in the mid-20th century. The nutritional perspective arose from identifying the metabolic pathways requiring specific cofactors, such as Vitamin B6, for the conversion of glutamate to GABA.
Mechanism
Key GABAergic nutrients include magnesium, which acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist and a GABA-A receptor agonist, and the amino acid L-theanine, which increases GABA levels and alpha brain wave activity. Vitamin B6 is essential as a coenzyme for glutamate decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for the direct conversion of the excitatory amino acid glutamate into inhibitory GABA.
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