What is the Origin of GAB Aergic Neurotransmission?

The term combines GABA, a non-protein amino acid discovered to be a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, with "ergic," meaning working or relating to, and "neurotransmission," the process of nerve cell communication. Its discovery revolutionized neuroscience, providing the molecular basis for understanding sedative and anxiolytic drug actions. This pathway is a fundamental target in psychoneuroendocrinology. The name is a clear descriptor of the pathway's function.

What is the Mechanism of GAB Aergic Neurotransmission?

GABA is released from presynaptic neurons into the synaptic cleft, where it binds to specific GABA receptors (GABA-A and GABA-B) on the postsynaptic neuron. Binding to the ionotropic GABA-A receptor typically opens a chloride ion channel, allowing negatively charged chloride ions to flow into the neuron. This influx hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential, thereby exerting its inhibitory, calming effect on the nervous system.

GAB Aergic Neurotransmission ∞ Area

GAB Aergic Neurotransmission

Meaning

GABAergic Neurotransmission is the primary inhibitory signaling process within the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by the neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). This critical mechanism functions to dampen excessive neuronal excitability, promoting a state of relaxation, reducing anxiety, and facilitating the transition into sleep. Optimal GABAergic tone is essential for maintaining neurological balance and regulating the stress response. A deficit in this system can lead to states of hyperarousal and chronic stress.