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Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea Pathophysiology

Meaning

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) pathophysiology describes the underlying biological mechanisms leading to the cessation of menstruation due to non-organic, reversible suppression of the HPG axis, typically triggered by stress, excessive exercise, or low energy availability. This condition is characterized by a central, functional defect in GnRH pulsatility rather than a primary ovarian or pituitary disorder. Understanding this pathophysiology is critical for clinical diagnosis and targeted reversal strategies, as it represents a state of reproductive energy conservation.