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Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA)

Meaning

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) is a reversible, non-structural cause of secondary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three or more consecutive cycles. It results from a suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. This clinical condition is directly caused by energy deficiency states, which typically arise from a combination of excessive exercise, inadequate caloric intake, and significant psychological stress. It represents a profound protective mechanism where the body shuts down the energy-intensive reproductive system to conserve resources for vital functions.