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Fuel Substrate Partitioning

Meaning

Fuel substrate partitioning is the precise, hormonally regulated process by which the body directs circulating energy sources—primarily glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids—to be either oxidized for immediate energy, stored in adipose tissue, or utilized for structural repair and synthesis. This metabolic triage is centrally controlled by key hormones like insulin and glucagon, and it dictates whether the body is in a net catabolic or anabolic state. Optimal partitioning ensures that tissues receive the appropriate fuel at the correct time, maintaining metabolic flexibility and preventing ectopic fat deposition.