Free Radical Management is the biochemical strategy of controlling the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within strict physiological limits to prevent excessive oxidative stress. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules produced as natural byproducts of normal cellular metabolism, especially mitochondrial respiration. Effective management is crucial because uncontrolled radical accumulation leads to cellular damage, protein denaturation, and accelerated aging. This balance is fundamental to cellular longevity and the maintenance of tissue integrity.
Origin
The concept is directly derived from the Free Radical Theory of Aging, which was first proposed in the mid-20th century, positing that cumulative oxidative damage is a primary driver of senescence. The term Management signifies the therapeutic approach, recognizing that while radicals are harmful in excess, a low level of ROS signaling is actually necessary for normal cell function. The clinical goal is thus modulation and control, not the complete elimination of all radicals.
Mechanism
Management operates primarily through the body’s powerful endogenous antioxidant defense systems, which include key enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Exogenous support via nutritional antioxidants also significantly contributes to this protective mechanism. These molecules work by safely neutralizing free radicals through electron donation, preventing them from reacting with and damaging cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins.
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