Question 1

What is the Meaning of Free Fraction Bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Free Fraction Bioavailability is the precise measurement of the percentage of a hormone circulating in the bloodstream that is unbound to carrier proteins, such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin. Only this unbound, or 'free,' fraction is biologically active and capable of diffusing across cell membranes to interact with intracellular receptors and exert its physiological effect. Clinically, this metric is a far more accurate indicator of an individual's true hormonal status and tissue exposure than total hormone levels. Optimizing the free fraction is key to achieving effective hormonal outcomes.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Free Fraction Bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

This concept emerged from the pharmacological and endocrinological understanding of drug and hormone distribution and protein binding dynamics in plasma. The term 'bioavailability' reflects the portion that is available for biological action, and 'free fraction' specifies the unbound, active component. This distinction became critical as clinicians realized that total hormone levels could be misleading due to variations in carrier protein concentrations.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Free Fraction Bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism is governed by the law of mass action, where a dynamic equilibrium exists between the bound and unbound hormone. Carrier proteins act as a circulating reservoir, protecting the hormone from rapid metabolic clearance and ensuring a stable supply. The free fraction diffuses into tissues where it interacts with receptors, driving cellular responses. Factors like liver function, thyroid status, and estrogen levels can significantly alter the concentration of SHBG, thereby modulating the free fraction.

Free Fraction Bioavailability

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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