What is the Origin of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor?

The term is derived from its ligand, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin named for its initial discovery role in stimulating ovarian follicle growth. The identification and characterization of its specific receptor were critical advancements in reproductive endocrinology, solidifying the understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This receptor belongs to the larger family of glycoprotein hormone receptors.

What is the Mechanism of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor?

The FSHR operates by binding to circulating FSH, which triggers a conformational change in the receptor structure, initiating an intracellular signaling cascade, primarily through the adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway. This signal transduction leads to the expression of specific genes responsible for follicular development, sperm maturation, and the induction of aromatase activity. Genetic mutations or desensitization of the FSHR can directly impair fertility and disrupt the systemic production of sex steroid hormones.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor

Meaning

The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) is a G-protein coupled receptor predominantly expressed on the surface of granulosa cells in the ovary and Sertoli cells in the testis. This glycoprotein receptor is the primary target for the pituitary hormone FSH, and its activation is essential for regulating gametogenesis and steroidogenesis in both males and females. Proper function of the FSHR is indispensable for reproductive health and the maintenance of sex hormone balance throughout the lifespan.