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Fertility

Meaning

Fertility, in the context of human physiology, is the natural biological capacity of an individual or a couple to conceive and produce viable offspring through sexual reproduction. This complex biological state is highly dependent on the precise and rhythmic function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which governs gamete production and cyclical hormone release. Optimal fertility requires a delicate balance of sex hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and testosterone, all operating within specific temporal parameters. Assessing fertility involves evaluating the integrity of the reproductive organs and the quality of the gametes.