Fasting Substrate Cycling is the dynamic, metabolically adaptive process where the body shifts its primary energy source from exogenous glucose, derived from recent food intake, to endogenous reserves, primarily fatty acids and ketone bodies. This shift is a crucial hormonal response to a fasting state, governed by a sharp drop in insulin and a coordinated rise in counter-regulatory hormones like glucagon and growth hormone. Efficient cycling is a definitive clinical marker of superior metabolic flexibility and resilience.
Origin
A term rooted in metabolic biochemistry and endocrinology, where fasting denotes the absence of nutrient intake and substrate cycling refers to the continuous, energy-consuming breakdown and synthesis of metabolic fuels. The concept gained prominence in the clinical wellness space with the rise of intermittent fasting protocols. It precisely describes the necessary hormonal and enzymatic shifts required for efficient fuel switching.
Mechanism
During a fasting period, the low circulating insulin levels disinhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in the release of fatty acids for beta-oxidation by muscle and other tissues. Concurrently, the liver increases gluconeogenesis to produce glucose for obligate glucose users and significantly increases ketogenesis for the brain and muscle. The efficiency of this cycling is directly influenced by cellular insulin sensitivity and the coordinated release of various metabolic hormones, ensuring a stable energy supply during nutrient deprivation.
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