Fasting Glucose Management refers to the physiological and clinical strategies employed to maintain circulating blood glucose levels within a healthy, narrow reference range after a period of overnight fasting, typically eight to twelve hours. Optimal management reflects robust metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity, indicating the liver’s ability to appropriately regulate endogenous glucose production. Clinically, this is a crucial biomarker for assessing the risk of insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and overall cardiometabolic health. Consistent elevation is a key indicator of systemic hormonal imbalance.
Origin
This term is a cornerstone of clinical diabetology and metabolic health, stemming from the historical and ongoing use of Fasting Plasma Glucose or FPG as a primary diagnostic criterion for glucose dysregulation. It highlights the liver’s central role in glucose homeostasis, a process heavily regulated by the interplay of insulin, glucagon, and cortisol. The focus on management reflects the proactive clinical effort to mitigate metabolic risk.
Mechanism
The mechanism of management relies heavily on the coordinated action of pancreatic beta-cells secreting insulin and hepatic cells regulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. During the fasting state, basal insulin levels suppress excessive glucose release from the liver, while glucagon stimulates the necessary production to prevent hypoglycemia. Adequate insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and fat, also ensures minimal background glucose release and proper systemic uptake.
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