What is the Origin of Exogenous Signaling Compounds?

The term combines 'exogenous,' derived from the Greek exo- (outside) and -genes (producing), meaning "originating externally," with 'signaling compounds,' a core concept in cell biology and endocrinology. Its clinical relevance has grown with the rise of nutrigenomics and precision nutrition, focusing on how non-nutritive dietary components can act as powerful pharmacological agents.

What is the Mechanism of Exogenous Signaling Compounds?

These compounds operate by engaging with cellular receptors, enzymes, or transcription factors that typically respond to endogenous signals. For instance, an exogenous compound might bind to a nuclear receptor to directly modulate the transcription of a metabolic gene, or it could inhibit an enzyme involved in an inflammatory cascade, like NF-κB. A key mechanism involves modulating redox status, leading to the activation of master regulators such as NRF2 or sirtuins, which then coordinate a broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response.

Exogenous Signaling Compounds

Meaning

Exogenous Signaling Compounds are molecules introduced into the body from an external source, such as diet, supplements, or the environment, that possess the biochemical capacity to interact with and modulate endogenous cellular signaling pathways. These compounds are not hormones themselves but can mimic, inhibit, or amplify the effects of native biological messengers, thereby influencing metabolism, gene expression, and inflammatory status. Examples include certain polyphenols, phytochemicals, and exogenous ketone bodies.