Question 1

What is the Meaning of Exercise and Oncology?

Accepted Answer

Exercise and oncology is a clinical and research field that investigates the profound impact of physical activity, both acute and chronic, on cancer prevention, treatment efficacy, survivorship, and the management of treatment-related side effects, particularly those linked to endocrine-disrupting therapies. For hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and prostate cancer, exercise is recognized as a powerful non-pharmacological intervention that can modulate key endocrine pathways, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and sex steroid metabolism. Integrating structured exercise is now considered a vital component of comprehensive cancer care, improving physiological resilience and quality of life.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Exercise and Oncology?

Accepted Answer

The intersection of exercise and oncology evolved from early epidemiological observations linking physical inactivity to increased cancer risk. The field formalized with mechanistic research demonstrating that exercise influences tumor biology and the systemic inflammatory and hormonal environment. Its specific relevance to the hormonal health domain stems from the discovery that exercise can reduce circulating levels of estrogen and anrogens and improve the metabolic profile, thereby mitigating risk and recurrence in hormone-driven malignancies. This origin reflects a paradigm shift from passive recovery to active, physiological intervention in cancer management.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Exercise and Oncology?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism by which exercise exerts its oncological benefit is multi-factorial, heavily involving the endocrine and immune systems. Physical activity reduces visceral adiposity, which is a major source of aromatase activity and inflammatory cytokines, thus lowering circulating estrogen levels. It also enhances insulin sensitivity, reducing hyperinsulinemia and IGF-1 signaling, both of which can promote tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, exercise stimulates the release of myokines from muscle tissue, which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This systemic hormonal and metabolic modulation contributes significantly to the overall physiological defense against malignant progression and recurrence.

Exercise and Oncology

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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