What is the Origin of Exercise and Fertility?

The connection between physical exertion and reproductive success has been observed clinically and anecdotally for centuries, but its scientific investigation intensified with modern endocrinology. The understanding of energy balance and its effect on the HPG axis provided the scientific framework for this relationship. Current research refines the specific dose-response curves for various exercise types and intensities.

What is the Mechanism of Exercise and Fertility?

Appropriate exercise modulates key endocrine factors such as insulin, leptin, and cortisol, all of which influence reproductive hormone synthesis and signaling. In women, balanced activity helps maintain a healthy weight, which is critical for regular ovulation. Excessive, high-intensity training can suppress pulsatile GnRH release, leading to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and impaired fertility. In men, moderate exercise may improve semen quality by reducing oxidative stress and improving testicular blood flow, while overtraining can negatively impact testosterone levels.

Exercise and Fertility

Meaning

The bidirectional relationship and physiological impact of physical activity on the reproductive capacity of both males and females. Maintaining a moderate, consistent exercise regimen often supports healthy hormonal balance and body composition, which are beneficial for fertility outcomes. Conversely, excessive or insufficient exercise can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to reproductive dysfunction.