This describes the observed statistical and biological relationship between circulating levels of androgen hormones, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and the efficiency of higher-order cognitive processes. Executive functions encompass planning, decision-making, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, which are primarily mediated by the prefrontal cortex. This correlation highlights the critical role of sex steroids in maintaining cognitive health across the lifespan, particularly in aging.
Origin
The concept emerged from clinical and preclinical studies in neuroendocrinology, which consistently demonstrated that androgen receptors are highly expressed in brain regions critical for executive control. The etymological basis links the brain’s “chief operating system” to a specific class of steroid hormones. Clinical relevance is high in addressing cognitive decline and hormonal changes in both men and women.
Mechanism
Androgens influence executive function through several neurobiological pathways, including direct binding to intracellular androgen receptors in prefrontal cortical neurons, modulating synaptic plasticity, and regulating neurotransmitter systems. They also contribute to cerebral vascular health and reduce neuroinflammation, both of which are essential for optimal cognitive performance. The correlation suggests that maintaining physiological androgen levels can support the structural and functional integrity of the neural circuits responsible for complex thought.
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