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Estrogen Receptor Alpha

Meaning

Estrogen Receptor Alpha, or ER$alpha$, is a specific nuclear receptor protein that acts as a ligand-activated transcription factor, primarily mediating the proliferative and trophic effects of the estrogen hormone, particularly estradiol. This receptor subtype is highly expressed in tissues such as the mammary gland, uterus, and liver, where it drives key physiological processes, including cell growth and differentiation. The functional integrity of ER$alpha$ signaling is critical for bone density maintenance, cardiovascular health, and the regulation of the female reproductive cycle. Clinical interventions often target this receptor to modulate estrogen’s effects in conditions like hormone-sensitive cancers and menopausal hormone therapy.