The comprehensive series of interconnected metabolic routes that govern the synthesis, distribution, action, and eventual elimination of estrogen hormones within the body. These pathways encompass the conversion of precursors, the binding to receptor subtypes, and the phase I and phase II detoxification processes. The balance across these pathways is central to maintaining endocrine health and preventing hormone-related pathologies.
Origin
The term “estrogen” is derived from the Greek words oistros (frenzy, passion) and gen (to produce), reflecting its role in reproductive cycles. “Pathways” refers to the sequential biochemical reactions that constitute the hormone’s life cycle. Understanding these distinct routes is essential for personalized hormonal intervention.
Mechanism
Estrogen biosynthesis involves the aromatization of androgens, predominantly in the ovaries, adipose tissue, and adrenal glands. Once synthesized, estrogens signal by binding to estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and ER-beta) to modulate gene expression. Elimination occurs primarily through hepatic metabolism, involving hydroxylation (Phase I) into catecholestrogens and subsequent conjugation (Phase II) via methylation or glucuronidation, preparing them for excretion.
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