The Estrobolome refers to the collection of enteric bacteria within the gut microbiome that are capable of metabolizing and modulating the circulation of estrogens in the body. These specific microbes produce the enzyme β-glucuronidase, which deconjugates estrogens that were prepared for excretion, allowing them to be reabsorbed into the systemic circulation. A balanced estrobolome is essential for maintaining healthy estrogen homeostasis, impacting both reproductive and metabolic health.
Origin
The term is a modern portmanteau combining estro (referring to estrogen) and -bolome (from microbiome), reflecting its discovery in the context of advanced gut microbial research in the early 21st century. This concept highlights the crucial endocrine-microbial cross-talk that governs steroid hormone metabolism.
Mechanism
Estrogens are inactivated in the liver by conjugation with glucuronic acid, preparing them for elimination via the bile and feces. Within the gut, the estrobolome’s β-glucuronidase enzyme cleaves this bond, releasing the active, unconjugated estrogen. If this activity is excessive, it can lead to reabsorption of high levels of estrogen, potentially contributing to estrogen dominance or other endocrine-related conditions.
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