Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without an alteration to the underlying DNA sequence itself. These modifications act as an interface between the environment and the genome, determining which genes are turned on or off in specific cells and tissues. Epigenetic mechanisms are profoundly influenced by lifestyle, diet, stress, and hormonal signaling, offering a dynamic layer of control over genetic destiny and contributing significantly to health and longevity outcomes.
Origin
The term “epigenetics” was coined in the 1940s by Conrad Waddington, combining the Greek prefix epi- (on, above, or in addition to) with “genetics.” Waddington used it to describe the developmental processes that mediate the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Modern molecular biology has since defined the precise chemical and structural modifications responsible for this level of gene regulation, moving the concept from a theoretical framework to a molecular reality.
Mechanism
Epigenetic regulation operates through several key molecular mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA-mediated silencing. DNA methylation typically suppresses gene transcription by adding a methyl group to cytosine bases, while histone acetylation generally opens chromatin structure, making genes more accessible for transcription. These reversible chemical tags dynamically respond to hormonal cues and environmental factors, allowing the genome to adapt its expression profile to the immediate physiological environment.
We use cookies to personalize content and marketing, and to analyze our traffic. This helps us maintain the quality of our free resources. manage your preferences below.
Detailed Cookie Preferences
This helps support our free resources through personalized marketing efforts and promotions.
Analytics cookies help us understand how visitors interact with our website, improving user experience and website performance.
Personalization cookies enable us to customize the content and features of our site based on your interactions, offering a more tailored experience.