What is the Origin of Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance?

The term combines the fields of epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the DNA sequence, and transgenerational inheritance, which signifies transmission beyond the directly exposed generation. This concept challenges classical Mendelian genetics by demonstrating a non-genetic mode of heritability. Its clinical relevance in endocrinology is growing, particularly in understanding the transmission of metabolic and hormonal disorders.

What is the Mechanism of Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance?

The mechanism involves the establishment of specific epigenetic marks in the germline—sperm or oocytes—of the exposed parent or grandparent. These marks, which include altered DNA methylation patterns or non-coding RNA profiles, are resistant to the normal epigenetic reprogramming that occurs after fertilization. Consequently, these modified regulatory tags persist in the developing embryo, influencing gene transcription in the progeny and thereby altering their endocrine set points or metabolic function.

Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance

Meaning

The phenomenon where environmentally induced changes in gene expression, which do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence, are passed down from an exposed parent to subsequent generations. This inheritance occurs through epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation or histone modifications, and can influence the phenotype and disease susceptibility of the offspring and grand-offspring. It represents a mechanism by which parental and grand-parental environment can impact the endocrine health trajectory of descendants.