Bioactive molecules, which may include natural compounds, pharmaceuticals, or nutritional factors, that influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These compounds specifically target epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, or non-coding RNA pathways. Their clinical application aims to positively influence cellular function and phenotype, particularly in the context of aging and disease.
Origin
This terminology arises from the intersection of molecular biology, genetics, and pharmacology, following the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms that control gene activity. The term “Compounds” refers to the agents, and “Regulation” highlights their function in modulating gene access. It is a cornerstone of modern longevity research, seeking to modify the expression of genes associated with healthspan.
Mechanism
These compounds exert their effect by interacting with key epigenetic enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases (HDACs). For instance, an HDAC inhibitor can increase histone acetylation, making DNA more accessible for transcription and thus promoting the expression of beneficial genes. The ultimate mechanism is the precise, non-mutational control over which genes are turned on or off in a cell.
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