The collection of non-genetic elements and environmental exposures, including diet, stress, exercise, and circulating hormones, that modify gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These factors determine which genes are turned “on” or “off” in a cell, thereby profoundly impacting cellular function, aging, and disease susceptibility. They represent the dynamic interface between the environment and the genome.
Origin
This concept originates from the field of epigenetics, a branch of genetics that studies heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence. The term emphasizes the powerful, modifiable control points above the level of the genome itself. Understanding these factors is critical for developing personalized longevity and wellness protocols.
Mechanism
Epigenetic influence factors operate through several key molecular mechanisms, most notably DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. Hormones, as potent signaling molecules, can directly alter the activity of enzymes that carry out these modifications, effectively reprogramming gene expression in target tissues. For instance, optimized hormonal status can promote gene expression profiles associated with tissue repair and metabolic efficiency, mitigating age-related decline.
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