The Epigenetic Clock is a biomarker, typically calculated using DNA methylation patterns at specific CpG sites across the genome, that provides a highly accurate estimate of an individual’s biological age, which may diverge from chronological age. This clock reflects the cumulative impact of environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and chronic hormonal milieu on cellular aging processes. Understanding its rate of advancement is crucial for assessing systemic resilience.
Origin
This concept emerged from the field of epigenetics, specifically the study of how chemical modifications to DNA influence gene expression without altering the underlying sequence. The “clock” metaphor arises because these methylation patterns change predictably over time, serving as a molecular timer for biological wear and tear. It represents a measurable output of cumulative physiological history.
Mechanism
The mechanism relies on the observation that certain cytosine bases within DNA become progressively methylated or demethylated throughout life, particularly at sites associated with longevity and metabolic genes. Lifestyle factors, including chronic inflammation or endocrine disruption, can accelerate the methylation drift away from the expected pattern, thus accelerating the biological age reading. Reversing negative influences may slow or partially reverse this molecular progression.
A longevity physician assesses biological age by integrating epigenetic clocks, hormonal panels, and functional tests to create a systems-level health portrait.
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