What is the Origin of Epicardial Adipose Tissue?

The term is anatomically descriptive, combining the Greek epi- (upon), cardia (heart), and adipos (fat), clearly locating this fat pad. Its recognition as a clinically significant, pathobiological entity distinct from subcutaneous or general visceral fat is relatively recent, driven by advanced cardiac imaging techniques that allow for precise measurement and correlation with cardiovascular disease.

What is the Mechanism of Epicardial Adipose Tissue?

The mechanism of EAT's influence is largely paracrine and vasocrine, meaning its secreted molecules act locally on the adjacent myocardium and coronary vessels. In a state of metabolic dysfunction, EAT becomes inflamed, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha. These mediators can directly promote local insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and the development of atherosclerotic plaques within the underlying coronary arteries, thereby contributing to cardiac pathology.

Epicardial Adipose Tissue

Meaning

Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) is a distinct type of visceral fat deposit located directly between the outer surface of the heart muscle, the myocardium, and the visceral layer of the pericardium. This specific fat depot is metabolically active and functions as a local endocrine organ, producing and secreting various adipokines and inflammatory mediators that can directly influence coronary artery health and myocardial function. Excessive accumulation is clinically recognized as a marker and potential contributor to cardiometabolic risk.