What is the Origin of Enteroinsular Axis?

The name is a composite term reflecting its anatomical components: entero- refers to the intestines or gut, and insular refers to the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the source of insulin. The term "axis" denotes the functional connection and coordinated communication between these two systems.

What is the Mechanism of Enteroinsular Axis?

Following a meal, the L-cells and K-cells in the gut mucosa release Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), respectively. These incretin hormones travel through the circulation to the pancreatic islets, where they bind to their specific receptors on beta cells. Receptor activation enhances the glucose-dependent release of insulin, thereby amplifying the insulin response far beyond what glucose alone would trigger.

Enteroinsular Axis ∞ Area

Enteroinsular Axis

Meaning

The Enteroinsular Axis is a crucial physiological feedback loop linking the gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine pancreas, primarily regulating postprandial glucose homeostasis. This axis involves the rapid release of gut-derived hormones, known as incretins, in response to nutrient ingestion, which then potentiate insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells. Its function is essential for maintaining tight glycemic control after meals.